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2023-08-24
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利用定义和解释猜词根据复述或同等关系猜测词义 1．利用定义和解释猜词 有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。 例题1 Wrestling is the game which is played by two strong people; one player tried to get the other down on the floor. 【答案与解析】通过后面的定义解释：Wrestling 是“两人进行的，彼此尽力把对方弄倒在地的比赛”，可以猜出wrestling是“摔跤；摔角”。 例题2 Scientists grow large quantities of common mould so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs. 【答案与解析】antibiotic: a medical substance, such as penicillin produced by living things and able to stop the growth of, or destroy, harmful bacteria that have entered the body (抗生素; 抗生菌) 例题3 “Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text? A. Growing interest in organic food. B. Better quality of organic food. C. Rising market for organic food. D. Higher prices of organic food. 【答案与解析】由Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying something可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gold一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。 背单词的好方法 随时随地背单词 不知不觉背单词 单词不用记 2．利用例证猜词 为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如：such as, like, for example, for instance等。 例题1 I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him. 【答案与解析】通过例句“每次遇到乞丐，她都会给一些硬币”可以猜测出“Generous”的词义应该是“慷慨的”。 例题2 You can take any of the periodicals：The World Of English, Foreign Language Teaching In School, or English Learning. 【答案与解析】通过后面的举例：《英语世界》，《中小学外语教学》，《英语学习》，说明periodicals为“期刊杂志”。 3．根据复述或同等关系猜测词义 为了强调某个观点或把某事叙述得更明白，作者有时运用不同语句来复述同一概念，这时可以利用这些重复和表达形式的变化来猜测词义。虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。 同等关系是指一个词、一个词组或短语在句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属于同一范畴。只要我们认出其中一个或几个词或短语，即可以确定同等关系中生词的词性，作用和大概的意思。 例题1 William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together. ’’ The underlined word "mingled" in the last paragraph most probably means________. A. simple B. mixed C. sad D. happy 【答案与解析】选B。由“a mingled yarn”后文的“good and ill together”重复说明可以 知道mingled含义和mixed（混合的）最接近。 例题2 Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits. 【答案与解析】由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。 需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely等副词或短语出现。 例题3 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. 【答案与解析】此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semantics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。 在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In our daily life, we have developed a lot of habits, such as, eating habit, study habit, reading habit, etc. However, taking the time to develop a sleep habit is probably the last thing on your mind and some sleep advice simply can’t be forgotten. __1__ Watching TV until you fall asleep It has nothing to do with what you watch —TV news isn’t a better pre-sleep choice than TV series. __2_ The bright light keeps you awake all the night. So even if you nod off (in front of the TV, for example), you probably won’t stay asleep for long. Sleeping with pets __3__ They get comfortable, and then they move. This goes on all night, and whether you admit it or not, it interrupts your ability to get the level of sleep needed to feel rested. Eating fatty, heavy foods too close to bedtime Heartburn (烧心，胃痛) strikes anyone of any age, but it’s the most common GI disorder (胃肠失调) in older adults. If you’ve ever tried to go to sleep after eating a fatty meal, you’ve probably found the discomfort of stomach preventing you from falling asleep or staying asleep. _4__ Remember how poorly you sleep when you have a fever—turning over and over again, never really feeling rested? Well, heavy exercise too close to bedtime has the same effect —--- it raises your body temperature so that your sleep is disturbed until your body temperature drops to normal, which may take several hours. Accepting snoring (打呼噜) as normal sleep behavior Snoring may seem as common as breathing, but it’s considered the biggest sleep killer, and it’s linked to several causes sleeping on your back, being overweight, having a cold, drinking, or taking drugs. __5_ For the snorer, it disturbs sleep by awakening him/her every so often in order to breathe normally. For the partner, the noise can be unbearable. A. Exercising heavily too close to bedtime B. Here are some bad habits you need to get rid of C. Most seriously, it’s caused by a dangerous illness D. Here are some suggestions you’ll need to follow E. Pets sleep most of the day, and they move a lot when sleeping F. Reducing your body temperature before bedtime G. Rather it’s the TV’s bright light that is the criminal 
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